Yoga (Sanskrit, Pāli: योग yóga) refers to traditional physical and mental disciplines originating in India.[1] The word is associated with meditative practices in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.[2][3][4] In Hinduism, it also refers to one of the six orthodox (āstika) schools of Hindu philosophy. In Jainism it refers to all activities—mental, verbal and physical.
The Sanskrit word yoga has many meanings,[11] and is derived from the Sanskrit root "yuj," meaning "to control," "to yoke" or "to unite."[12]
瑜伽[1]（yoga；योग），源于古印度文化，是古印度六大哲学派别中的一系.
现代人所称的瑜伽则是主要是一系列的修身养心方法，包括调身的体位法、调息的呼吸法、调心的冥想法等，以达至身心的合一。
瑜伽(Yoga)这个词在梵文的意思是合一、相应, 连结、结合、统一.
瑜伽在印度也是一个身心修练的通泛名词.
- Karma yoga: The yoga of action,
- Bhakti yoga: The yoga of devotion,
- Jnana yoga: The yoga of knowledge
瑜伽五大类
The Eight Limbs are:
- Yama (The five "abstentions"): non-violence, non-lying, non-covetousness, non-sensuality, and non-possessiveness.
- Niyama (The five "observances"): purity, contentment, austerity, study, and surrender to god.
- Asana: Literally means "seat", and in Patanjali's Sutras refers to the seated position used for meditation.
- Pranayama ("Suspending Breath"): Prāna, breath, "āyāma", to restrain or stop. Also interpreted as control of the life force.
- Pratyahara ("Abstraction"): Withdrawal of the sense organs from external objects.
- Dharana ("Concentration"): Fixing the attention on a single object.
- Dhyana ("Meditation"): Intense contemplation of the nature of the object of meditation.
- Samādhi ("Liberation"): merging consciousness with the object of meditation.
瑜伽的“八支”
Swami Svatmarama 记载的古典文献《Hathapradipika》，详细说明瑜伽的“八支”（Eight Limbs），即八种方法：
1. 自我控制，禁制（Yama）：讲求慈悲、不贪婪、正直、纯净、不受欲望束缚等。
2. 遵行（Niyama）：包括洁净身心、知足、克制、修习圣贤古训，以及对天地保持虔敬的心。
3. 瑜伽姿势，体位（Asana）：稳定和舒服的姿势。
4. 调息法（Pranayama）：系统的呼吸方法。
5. 控制感官，制感（Pratyahara）：控制感觉器官。
6. 执持（Dharana）：集中专注力以提升生命之气，是冥想前的预备功。
7. 禅定（Dhyana）：即冥想。
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