Brāhmī script 婆罗米文
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brāhmī_script, http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/婆罗米文
婆罗米文(brāhmī)是印度最古老的字母,是婆羅米系文字如天城文、泰米爾文、孟加拉文、藏文的来源。最早的文献溯源于前3世纪。一般认为婆罗米文来自亚拉姆文。
Brāhmī is the modern name given to the oldest members of the Brahmic family of alphabets.
元音
-
變音符號
/ka/ 的婆羅米符號,被修改來表示不同的元音。
[编辑]常見變體
下表列出婆羅米字母的一些常見變體。
Brāhmī was used to write the early dialects of Prakrit. Its usage was mostly restricted to inscriptions on buildings and graves as well as liturgical texts. Sanskrit was not written until many centuries later.
全音素文字← | 輔音音素文字 | →元音附標文字 |
拉丁字母 | 希臘字母 | 腓尼基字母 | 閃米特語音位 | 亞拉姆字母 | 佉盧文 | 婆羅米文 | 天城文 | IAST |
A | Α | | /ʔ/ | | | | अ | a |
B | В | | /b/ | | | | ब | b |
C, G | Г | | /g/ | | | | ग | g |
D | Δ | | /d/ | | () | () | ध (ढ) | dh (ḍh) |
E | Ε | | /h/ | | | | ह | h |
F, V, Y | Ϝ, Υ | | /w/ | | | | व | v |
Z | Ζ | | /z/ | | () | () | द (ड) | d (ḍ) |
H | Η | | /ħ/χ/x/ | | | | घ | gh |
- | Θ | | /tˤ/ | | () | () | थ (ठ) | th (ṭh) |
I | Ι | | /j/ | | | | य | y |
K | Κ | | /k/ | | | | क | k |
L | Λ | | /l/ | | | | ल | l |
M | Μ | | /m/ | | | | म | m |
N | Ν | | /n/ | | | | न | n |
-, X? | Ξ, Χ? | | /s/ | | | | श | ś |
O | Ο | | /ʕ/ | | | | |
P | Π | | /p/ | | , | , | प, फ | p, ph |
- | Ϻ, Ϡ? | | /sˤ/ | , | | | स | s |
Q | Ϙ | | /kˁ/q/ | | | | ख | kh |
R | Ρ | | /r/ | | | | र | r |
S | Σ | | /ʃ/ | | | | ष | ṣ |
T | Τ | | /t/ | | () | () | त (ट) | t (ṭ) |
Possible derivation of Brahmi from the Phoenician script
Greek | Α | Β | Γ | Δ | Ε | Υ | Ζ | Η | Θ | Ι | Κ | Λ | Μ | Ν | Ξ | Ο | Π | Ϻ | Ϙ | Ρ | Σ | Τ |
Phoenician | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Brahmi | | | | | | ? | | | | ? | | | | | | | | | | | ? | | | | | | | | | |
Devanagari | अ | ब | ग | ध | ढ | | व | द | ड | | थ | ठ | य | क | च | ल | म | न | ण | श | | प | फ | स | ख | छ | र | ष | त | ट |
IAST | a | ba | ga | dha | ḍha | | va | da? | ḍa? | | tha | ṭha | ya | ka | ca | la | ma | na | ṇa | śa* | | pa | pha | sa* | kha | cha | ra | ṣa* | ta | ṭa
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